Do police reduce crime(Know how to use stata) Research Paper

Do police decrease crime(Know how to utilize stata) - Research Paper Example After a psychological militant assault that occurred in July 1994, Argentina, the fundamental Jewish focus in Buenos Aires, it prompted every single Jewish establishment accepting police insurance. Subsequently, this terrible occasion started a police power topographical assignment that can be assumed exogenous in a wrongdoing relapse. Utilizing information on the vehicle robberies after and before the assault, the investigation discovered a huge impact of police on wrongdoing. The effect was seen to be neighborhood, with no effect outside the little region where the police were conveyed. Presentation In the investigation an alternate methodology has been introduced to appraise the police on wrongdoing causal impact. Fear based oppressors detonated a bomb on July 18, 1994 that cut down the Asociacion Mutual Israelita Argentina (A.M.I.A.), which is the key Jewish focus in Argentina. This saw 85 people coloring and in any event 300 were harmed in the assault. The government needed to a ppoint police multi week later so as to secure each Muslim and Jewish structure in the nation. These were done in light of the fact that the institutions’ topographical dispersion was ventured to be ‘exogenous in a wrongdoing regression,’ this ugly occasion is made out of a characteristic examination where the concurrent assurance of police nearness and wrongdoing may be broken. The engine vehicle burglaries number per square data was gathered in 3 neighborhoods in Buenos Aires after and before the fear monger assault. The data incorporates a time of multi month beginning April 1 to December 31, 1994. Data on each Jewish establishment area in these areas was likewise gathered. There was then an estimation of the police nearness impact on vehicle burglary. The assessments demonstrated that squares which got police insurance had considerably less vehicle burglaries when contrasted with the remainder of the areas. There was no proof that the nearness of police in a specific square decreased vehicle burglary a couple of obstructs that was from the structures which were ensured. There has been a significant enthusiasm to recognize the components where nearness of police decreases wrongdoing. Is it that the nearness of police results to crime to be less appealing or is it that cops captured lawbreakers and not many of them were left around to com-on vehicle burglaries? The all out number of vehicle robberies per square was utilized as the reliant Variable; this gave a board with nine perceptions for each given square. This information on obstructs without and with secured establishments empowered us to characterize a control and treatment gathering. Month fixed impacts were incorporated that controlled any total stuns in the wrongdoing advancement. The principle system used in this investigation was relapse examination. It was used to clarify the all out variety of the needy variable, Car burglary. The needy variable was joined by 9 factors, whic h were tried against the reliant variable to decide the amount of the all out variety is clarified. The examinations additionally talked about the correlation of the distinctive relapse models, and figure out which model is the best. With respect to the relapse examination results, it is plainly obvious that model 2 is the most grounded. The free factors including road, sham Jews organization one street or two away, square separation to nearest establishment and sham service station were excluded and excluded from the second model on the grounds that there P esteem was more prominent than 0.05 inferring the information gathered was either not legitimate or there was no enough proof to make

Purdue GPA Calculator Essays

Purdue GPA Calculator Essays Purdue GPA Calculator Paper Purdue GPA Calculator Paper Purdue GPA adding machine enables the potential understudies to assess the closeness of finding the opportunity to learn at the University. It is a helpful instrument for all understudies being in the quest for the spot of contemplating. The Purdue University is one of the most mainstream and very much created look into colleges of the USA. This establishment drives the field of the avionics business and space innovation, and understudies are occupied with flight preparing. The contemplating programs in the field of mechanical designing, business, and farming are perceived as the best in the nation and the world. Consistently in the Purdue University, in excess of 2 thousand logical tasks are propelled. The examinations are led at the cutting edge look into focuses of the advanced education organization. You can get complete scholarly training here. The Purdue University helps out the national flying organizations. An understudy concentrating here gets an opportunity to partake in un derstudy trade projects and win awards to lead different examination ventures. On the off chance that you have chosen to turn into an understudy of this organization, you have to utilize a Purdue University GPA adding machine and single out what are your odds to get a spot here. Purdue University GPA mini-computer GPA mini-computer Purdue can be utilized to decide the â€Å"what if† GPA blend. It is an approach to find whether an understudy will experience issues with the entering to the picked college. The outcome permits evaluating the present circumstance and foreseeing what's to come. On the off chance that the understudy sees that is â€Å"what if† focuses are sufficient and let him get the spot in the foundation he needs, he can unwind and plan for entering a battle. For another situation, he needs to put forth an attempt and attempt to improve the imprints. It is important to have nearly A’s and a couple B’s to show restraint that there will be a high assurance that there won't be any difficulties. There are a few different ways to raise the GPA. To find a few focuses picked up for a particular course utilizing this specific application. Remember the way that it's anything but an official outcome. It is only a guess permitting building plans and finding the U niversity, where you will get the degree. Utilize the Purdue Krannert GPA number cruncher to decide your odds! Purdue University GPA Calculator Purdue University GPA Calculator fills in as an all around structured instrument helping potential understudies to find their potential outcomes. On the off chance that you have excellent designs for your future instruction and profession and need to turn into an understudy of Purdue University, you can utilize a Purdue combined GPA adding machine to check the â€Å"what if† focuses. You need to embed the name, obviously, credit hours and anticipated evaluations. The program will make all the figurings rapidly and present you an outcome. The GPA, which you get, is certifiably not a last and authority marker. It is only an anticipation. On the off chance that you despite everything have time, to improve your imprints †commit every one of your endeavors to it. To find the surmised GPA that will permit you to get the spot at the college, you can counsel the last year’s rating. It will let you see the full picture. Try not to lose the chance to find the GPA as it might assist you with entering the esteemed higher instructive foundation, get legitimate training and manufactured the extraordinary vocation!

7 Exercises to Improve Your Ability to Write Creatively

7 Exercises to Improve Your Ability to Write Creatively Writers, in general, are a pretty creative bunch. But, since theres no such thing as being too creative, anyone could benefit from some imagination-boosting exercises. Whether youre in a creative slump, and it happens to everyone now and then, or you just want to expand your resources as a writer, there are lots of ways for you to open up your creative channels. Here are some methods to help inspire you: 1) Make a list of 20 topics Sometimes your greatest creative block will be coming up with new ideas. So, sit down and make a list of 20 different writing ideas. Of this list of 20, at least one should be workable. Start developing it. A great habit for you to develop would be to keep a list somewhere of story ideas. If you do this, youll end up with an incredible cache of topics to use when your inspiration runs dry. 2) Re-write Take an old story or idea youve written and rework it. Make sure its not something youre currently working on. If youre too close to it, youll have trouble seeing it from a new perspective. As you rework it, take a completely different view. If you told a story about a family from the perspective of one of the children, try telling it from the perspective of the mother or from an omniscient perspective. This is an exercise in creating flexibility in your writing. You may go back to the piece from the original perspective, but with new insights about the other characters. Sometimes telling the story you dont want to tell can help you tell the story you do want to tell. 3) Read Follow William Faulkners advice: “Read, read, read. Read everything- trash, classics, good and bad and see how they do it. Just like a carpenter who works as an apprentice and studies the master. Read! Youll absorb it. Then write” The more you read, the more youll be exposed to different writers voices and styles. Youll get a sense for their mastery and their weaknesses. Dont just read for pleasure. Read to examine different techniques such as transitions, character-building, suspense and dialogue. Then challenge yourself to use those techniques in your own work. 4) Try hand-writing Martin Amis “I always do my draft in long hand because even the ink is part of the flow.” If youre used to typing, take yourself out of your comfort zone. Buy a notebook and a pen or pencil and start writing in it. Hand-writing means you have to slow down your thoughts a little, as you cant write as fast as you type. Theres also no erasing, so if youre constantly self-editing by erasing your work, hand-writing may be a great way for you to tie up your inner editor and unleash your creative voice. 5) Use your pain J.P. Donleavy “Writing is turning ones worst moments into money.” Everyone has had to face struggle in life. And struggle often makes for the best literature. Recount a moment or experience that was difficult for you. You could turn it into a poem, a story or an essay. 6) Free-write Free-writing is all about release. If you need to unleash your creativity, try sitting down for 10-15 minutes and write without pausing, correcting or planning. Just write whatever comes to mind without any interruptions of the conscious mind. After youre finished, go back and read what you wrote. Hopefully, youll be able to pick out an interesting concept or theme from your free-write and work it into a piece. 7) Switch genres Creativity is the result of a flexible mind. If you write only essays or only short stories or only poetry, why not try something different? Choose another genre and see what comes up. It may feel strange and awkward, but by pushing yourself to do something different, you may discover a new source of creative thought. Try it. Try one or all of these exercises to stimulate your minds creativity. It just may help you write better, more imaginative work. Good luck and happy writing!

Comparing The Government, Religion, Geography, And Economy...

AP United States History Summer Reading Assignment Chapter 3: Q1: Compare and contrast the government, religion, geography, and economy of the three English colonial regions (the Chesapeake area, New England, and Pennsylvania). Be sure to consider the role of race, gender, and ethnicity. A1: Though the three English colonial regions—the Chesapeake area, New England, and Pennsylvania—were all relatively close to each other, there were stark differences between them. To begin with, they all had very different government structures. In the Chesapeake area, the government closely resembled that of England where power resided in one individual. In England there was a king while in Maryland, there was a royal governor. In both cases, the ruling individual had control over all branches of the government; however, the successor of the first governor in Maryland soon realized that colonists would not enjoy fewer liberties in the colonies than at home. Hence, Cecilius Calvert gave up their rights to initiate all colonial laws and shifted power to the people by governing by their advice and with consent. On the other hand, in New England, government was theocratic in nature where church and state were synonymous and where power resided in the leaders of the church . In addition, the Pennsylvanians had a much more democratic government structure where there was a proprietor and a legislative assembly that gave the people the right to appoint government officials—one of many rights thatShow MoreRelatedComparing and Contrasting the Colonial Regions Established in British North America1180 Words   |  5 PagesComparing and Contrasting the Colonial Regions Established in British North America British North America by the mid 1700’s consisted of three major regions. The New England region included the colonies of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. The Middle Region included the colonies of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware. The Southern Region, also known as the Chesapeake Colonies, included the Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, andRead MoreA SELECTION OF PAST AP U.S. FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS:3529 Words   |  15 PagesA SELECTION OF PAST AP U.S. FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS: Part 1: Colonial Period to Civil War Colonial Times 1607 -1775 1. From 1600 -1763, several European nations vied for control of the North American continent. Why did England win the struggle? (73) 2. In the seventeenth century, New England Puritans tried to create a model society. What were their aspirations, and to what extent were those aspirations fulfilled during the seventeenth century? (83) 3. In the two decades before theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestheir periphery and a second round of even more devastating global conflict. The bifurcated international system that resulted from the cold war standoff extended the retreat of globalization, but nurtured the liberation of most of humanity from colonial rule. The collapse of the Soviet empire, and the freeing of its satellite states across Eastern Europe beginning in the late 1980s, marked another major watershed that further problematizes uncritical acceptance of the historical coherence ofRead MoreIslamic Way of warfare23558 Words   |  95 Pagesmore effectively. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Conducting a research on Islamic subject in a non-Muslim country, parallel to the busy schedule of Command and General Staff College (CGSC), has been a daunting task. The author is highly grateful to the three committee members for their relentless support in correcting the paper and providing valuable guidance. Special mention is needed about Mr. Mohammad Saiful Islam, a Kansas resident with deep interest and knowledge of Islamic affairs, who not onlyRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesbusiness environment continue unabated. The global financial crisis and economic recession have challenged some assumptions about globalization and economic integration, but they have also underscored the interconnected nature of global economies. Most countries and regions around the world are inextricably linked, yet profound differences in institutional and cultural environments persist. The challenges for international management reflect this dynamism and the increasing unpredictability of global economicRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesNeo-modernist organization theory: surfing the new wave? Introduction The origins of new-wave management Control in organizations Unpredictable behaviour Informal control: organizational misbehaviour? Complexity and the problem of implementation Three types of formal control Bureaucratic control Output control Cultural control The new wave in action: managing cultural change A theoretical explanation of a possible shift in control: A new historical configuration? An alternative theoretical explanation:Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand current. The concepts discussed are relatively simple and intuitive. As you study each chapter we suggest you try to grasp not only how things work, but why things work. You are encouraged to use the text as a handbook as you move through the three levels of competency: I know. I can do. I can adapt to new situations. Project management is both people and technical oriented. Project management involves understanding the cause-effect relationships and interactions among the sociotechnica l dimensions

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Depression - 1340 Words

Many people today are suffering from major depressive disorder. This disorder affects their everyday lives and every single person copes with it differently. There are a lot of different factors that can contribute to one’s depression. Such as, biological, psychological and sociocultural. These factors include emotional symptoms, cognitive symptoms, behavior symptoms, somatic symptoms, and impairment in social and occupational functioning. So, what is depression? Everybody experiences times in their life with feeling blue or sad. Depression, however is a medical condition to where the person feels a stronger sadness for a lot longer than normal. Depression can be mild, severe or chronic. First, there is major depressive disorder. This†¦show more content†¦Sometimes it is trial and error on what will work best for each patient. The biological influences include hormones, and other biological process. Take the limbic system, for instance. This is the area of the brain t hat regulates activities such as emotions, physical and sexual drives, and the stress response. There are several structures of this system that are of great importance the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Also, the amygdala and hippocampus. The hypothalamus is responsible for basic functions such as temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual drive, stress reaction, and regulation of other activities. The pituitary gland regulates certain hormones. The amygdala and hippocampus are associated with emotional reactions. Neurotransmitters are a major part in the brain’s functions. They are special chemicals that carry out many important functions. Basically, they help transfer messages throughout the brain’s nerve cells. There are over thirty neurotransmitters in the brain. There has been discoveries of the association of clinical depression to three primary neurotransmitters. These include serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. These three functions to regulate emotions, sleep, reactions to stress, appetite and sexuality. Antidepressant medications work to help regulate these hormones. There are several different types of antidepressants. Some regulate certain hormones that others do not. It depends on which hormoneShow MoreRelatedDepression Symptoms And Symptoms Of Depression739 Words   |  3 Pages Depression is something that nobody in the universe would want. Depression kills. What is depression? Depression is a mood disorder causing a persistent feeling of sadness and lost of interest. (Depression Symptoms and Warning Signs. Depression Symptoms Warning Signs: How to Recognize Depression Symptoms and Get Effective Help. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.) Some symptoms you can get while having depression includes feeling hopeless and helpless, you lose interest in friends, activities, etcRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Symptoms1545 Words   |  7 PagesDepression is a well-known disease all around the world. Everyone thinks that they know what depression is. They deduce that depression is just about being sad, that anyone with it can just be happy whenever they want, and it comes without any symptoms. That s not what depression is. It s way more complex and complicated than that. Depression is an illness that really affects the brain and the person suffering from it. What is depression? Depression is a serious mood disorder that causes a constantRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Symptoms2066 Words   |  9 PagesDepression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It affects every aspect of a person’s life from the way they think and behave, to how they feel. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. Those with depression will have difficulty doing day to day activities and feel like their life isn’t worth living. A lot of people think it’s a weakness or something that a person can just ‘snap out of’ but it’s not that easy, and may even requireRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1500 Words   |  6 Pagestreating depression? Researchers at the Mayo Clinic define depression as â€Å"a mood disorder that causes sadness and loss of interest† and goes on to say, â€Å"it affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a va riety of emotional and physical problems†(Depression). For two years, I knew that something was wrong with me, but the symptoms that I was experiencing didn t mirror anything that I equated with depression. My primary care physician was equally perplexed by my presented symptoms and I wasRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1168 Words   |  5 Pagesand keep worrying about what options are available and not doing your daily routine, you are feeling depression. You may feel that nothing can help but this is very untrue. Most people can recover from many convulsion of depression. After recovering from depression many people look back at it and use it as part of their life experience for those who may have the same symptoms on depression. Depression can make people to change their lifestyle. It’s a serious medical condition in which a person medicalRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Symptoms Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesDepression is a behavior disorder that can affect many people in the world. This disorder does not only affect adults, but children as well. â€Å"Depression is an episode of sadness or apathy along with other symptoms that lasts two consecutive weeks† according to (http://www.webmd.com/depression/ss/slideshow-depression-overview). A person with depression is affected both physically and emotionally. People can be affected by many types of depression which affects every single person with depression differentlyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of The Depression Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesClinical depression is a disease that affects many people, ranging from children to elderly adults. Depression is a scary word to many and conjures up ugly, stereotypical images of people being sad all the time and wanting to kill themselves. Depression is treatable, but the same method of treatment will not be effective on every patient. Many people suffering from depression question whether they are actually depressed or just hav ing a bad day. Often times, a person who believes they are sufferingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of The Depression970 Words   |  4 PagesMajor depression is occurring when you feel depressed most of the time for most of the days of the week. Some symptoms for this type of depression include weight loss or weight gain, suicidal thoughts, being tired, having no energy, feeling guilty, and feeling worthless. Talking to a therapist can help with this. The doctor will usually make you meet with a mental health specialist who will help with the depression you’re feeling. Doctors also recommend antidepressants. If those two things don’tRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1812 Words   |  8 Pages Jessica Arevalo Park University Depression The word depression comes from the Latin and means a state of affective disorders. Depression is not common as normal fluctuations in emotional life but represents a disease with a clear outline in contrast to a mental disorder. Depression is one of the mild disease and fundamentally temporary (Aguirre, 2008). The different duration and severity depend on the causes and remedy together. It can be part of a psychoneurotic disorder, psychological-physicalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1197 Words   |  5 PagesEtiology of depression Depression can be defined as a typical mental issue that give discouraged disposition, less interest or delight, diminished energy levels, sentiments of blame or low self-esteem, disturbed appetite or sleep, and poor focus in daily life matters. Symptoms of anxiety and insomnia are closely associated with term depression. Depression can be categorised as â€Å" Mental illness† because it severely affects the state of human’s mind and propose hurdles and obstacles in daily life

Criminology Types Of Criminal Personality - 1362 Words

Criminology: Different Crimes Criminology: What is criminal personality? The term personality is used to define and describe the temperament and emotional attributes of a person. (S. Jones 2016). These behaviors are consistent and influence a person’s behavior so that a person may be compelled to act in the manner almost daily. The term criminal personality means a person who is of the nature to commit crime due to their temperament, ways of thinking, feeling and acting. In this paper there will be various examples and criminal personality. Criminology: Two Theories of Criminal Personality Freud’s Psychodynamic theory is made up of 3 components: the I.D., Ego, and Superego. Freud believed that if a person has unresolved conflicts between the I.D. and the Superego, the end result would be crime. Freud understood this was lack of emotional stability, disturbed childhood and or lack of emotional development. The second theory is John Bowlby’s theory of maternal deprivation. Bowlby believed that children that have not bonded would show a lack of empathy for others, isolation and antisocial behaviors. The third theory evaluated is Hans J. Eysenck’s trait theory of Extroversion and Introversion that break down types of personality. Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory Freud believed peoples mental functions stem from the unconscious mind. These mental functions are repressed experiences will denote the submerged part of the iceberg. They are also described as mental inner conflictShow MoreRelatedThe Various Theories of Criminology 1276 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology is defined as an interdisciplinary profession built around the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior including their forms, causes, legal aspects, and control. There are many aspects in the field of criminology. These aspects include the areas of research involved, the criminology schools of thought, theoretical developments and the people involved in creating and developing the theories. What role do criminologists play in the field of criminology? The term criminologistRead MoreGender and Crime Essay946 Words   |  4 Pagesraised many uncomfortable questions for criminologist and has been critical of mainstream criminology for its gender-neutral focus and its exclusion of women. When the female was considered, she was generally seen as being inferior to the male. Although conformity was generally to be appreciated, when women conformed it showed their inferiority. This inferiority was of the same type whether it was seen as arising out of biological, psychological or social reasons. Read MoreCriminology Theories1039 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Criminology† is the study of crime from a social perspective by researching the nature and management of crime and the social impact of crime on society involving the causes and consequences behind the matter. This is a generalised explanation of what â€Å"Criminology† involves as it is too difficult to create an exact definition because the topic is so complex from continuous growing historical roots and evolving theories which will be explored within the main body of this essay. It is said by SutherlandRead MoreEssay about Criminological Theories1544 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many different aspects of criminal justice policy. One in particular is the different theories of crime and how they affect the criminal justice system. The Classical School of criminology is a theory about evolving from a capital punishment type of view to more humane ways of punishing people. Positivist criminology is maint aining the control of human behavior and criminal behavior. They did this through three different categories of Biological studies, which are five methodologiesRead MoreEssay on Factors Affecting the Complexity of Criminal Behavior1489 Words   |  6 Pagesnotion that any person could become a criminal. In considering this, the question ‘what makes a criminal a criminal’ will be discussed. Defining criminal behaviour is itself, difficult as it could be considered a wide range of behaviours from tasting fruit at the market to speeding to swearing at someone in frustration. Further to this discussion is a consideration of the roles that society and individuals have in defining and contributing to people engaging in criminal behaviours. There are a range ofRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1700 Words   |  7 PagesIn order for the Criminal Justice System to effectively deter crime, it is imperative to understand what causes crime, understand why crime exists and why offenders engage in criminal behaviour. In the 18th century criminologists such as Jeremy Bentham, Cesare Bonesana-Beccaria and Cesare Lombroso all established criminological theories, in an attempt to achieve this goal. The most influential theories are known as the Classical and Positivist perspectives. Both of these theories have had a long-termRead MoreDiscuss the Nature, Scope and Objectives of the Study of Criminology.1359 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss the nature, scope and objectives of the study of Criminology. Crime has always accompanied mankind. The oldest order available to us today, like provided in the cave paintings in France and the old books as the Bible show that this was not a stranger to us hundreds or even thousands of years ago. We can even with these materials to draw a conclusion that the development of civilization has contributed to its creation. The formation of increasingly larger clusters of human foster the developmentRead MoreEssay about A Criminal in the Making1292 Words   |  6 Pagesone theory, but I feel that with two or more theories combined; we could have a criminal in the making. Early criminologist theorized that certain people were simply born criminals; believing that one could tell who would be a criminal by their physical appearance and characteristics. Since those days, criminologists have produced multiple theories on why people commit crimes; due to the different types of criminals today, it is nearly impossible to place them all under one theory. Th eories suchRead MoreExplain the Differences Between Criminologists, Criminalists, and Forensic Psychologists and What Is the Difference in Their Disciplines of Expertise.1550 Words   |  7 PagesIn my conclusion I look at the three fields of criminal justice together create a unified force to battle crime and the difference in white and blue collar crime carries much different sentences. as well as how some new form of UCR needs to put in place. I will look at the difference in the amount of time given for crimes depending on what type of crime such as white collar or blue collar. In order to understand the different types of criminal justice we should look at it like a three legRead MoreThe Theories Believe Biological Or Genetic Risk Factors1554 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Biosocial theories believe biological or genetic risk factors along with their environment impact an individual’s predisposition to engage in criminal behavior throughout their life. The biological risk factors tied with their environment can also impact an individual’s predilection to develop antisocial behavior or tendencies, violent or aggressive behavior, impulsivity, lack of social responsibility and their ability to learn complex behavior patterns. Several empirical studies regarding

Department Stores free essay sample

Nundies a unique brand of stockings introduced to the market fall 2006. The item to be sold at women’s boutique and specialty shops as well as 10 Neiman Marcus department stores throughout 40 states. Management problem did not seem to be the distribution of the new item in which they shipped out 11, 383 units of Nundies to stores through December 2007 and sold 2007 units online. A unit of Nundies consisted of a package of 5 liners. Nudies is a single use disposable panty that sticks to the inseam of womans pants, leggings, athletic wear, shorts, and jeans. Management seemed to have a difficult time trying to figure out the right strategy to use in an effort to increase the overall repurchase order rate in order to increase the company objective of sales and profits for the 2008 fiscal year. As a note there are other areas that present a problem for the company as well. A.) repurchasing orders are not meeting the goals set, B. We will write a custom essay sample on Department Stores or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) The company also noticed that reorders were only about 10% of the total units sold, C) The online purchases were viewed as a positive, however it was not used frequent enough to measure reorder, D.) One big issue was the amount of panty liners per package, E) The staff at the retail strores thought that Nundies would sell themselves. This was a clear example of communication breakdown. E) To add to the communication issue the sales personnel were not trained to educate the consumer about the product or to even suggest trying the product. F) The other issue that seem to be of big concern was that the displays were getting lost in the stock rooms. Jones 2 Fact: Nundies generated 60% of sales from their largest customer which was Nieman Marcus however low re-order. The company first focus on its marketing concept: How they were going to deliver the new product from its current product lines. The unique idea of required development capabilities into consumer based solutions primarily medical markets and the use of the item for one single use. The product cost per item was .60, One package of panty liners was set at 5per package at $15. The cost to make the plastic container was roughly 0.45 cents. In 2006 Nundies began to run ads in magazines, they distributed throughout New York city based retail buyers, and promotions with gift bags for women for celebrity events. In 2007 the distribution coverage among customers in boutiques and showrooms set up by manufacturer agents organization with product information. The company decided to provide a commission to the sales people at 12% on the wholesale price with a minimum order of 36 packages. The company spent $800,000 on media and print ads and online sales accounted for 385 units wich is roughly around $4275, and store purchases resulted in a minimum of 252 with net profit equaling 850,000. Alternative Courses of Action Nundies can continue to be developed for the women’s wear and specialty stores. The advantage for the company is cost at 14-400 the disadvantage is there was no buy in to keep the reliance on manufacturers agent organization to recruit stores through store show rooms. A second alternative would be to pursue upscale stores accounts, by doing this the company can market via ads, point of sales display and ad plans could be presented, the ability to produce and deliver product in the right quantity and document it. Centralize 300 stores and decentralize 350 stores. The disadvantage is that all the stores would have different merchandise buying practices Jones 3 as well as line fees, warehouse fees, settlement fees, catalogue fees, cooperative ad allowance ( fees are based on annual sales with estimated cost of 35k to 55k). Option 3 Mid level department stores I believe a positive would be centralized (1,793), same costs per size as the 5 upscale department stores. The disadvantage would be to lower the cost via different brand names and packaging (7 per pkg with paper packaging), different price 8 for $10. The fourth alternative positive would be to using different channels by which could be a positive if the company maintains the ability to produce and deliver product in the right quantity and documented also centralize all sales across the board. The company’s target group resulted in woman from 15-60 with an average  income of 25 or more 6% of 18 year old woman surveyed ( 18-45) 84% of woman are interested. 81% yes to products that provide hygiene and benefits of a panty 36% yes to no panty lines and hygiene, 29% will use the item 2-3 times a week, while 35% 3 to 5 times, 19% would likely use the product 6 times a week 17% occasionally. The variances were really shifty when examining where would one likely shop the Nundies of those polled the stats were 38% would shop at an upscale store 49% Mid level department store, 64% Mass department stores and 28% specialty store and 41% online. This all said I truly believe price does matter and the Nundies would likely see more re-orders if they would seek a lower price point or increase the quantity per package. The other target is that Nundies as I see it would likely work well in the fitness stores.

Willow Stores Target Market

Introduction Another name for target market is target audience. A target market is a particular group of consumers that a business targets. Businesses normally want to draw consumers closer and sell to them their goods and services. Factors that influence characteristics of a target market include economic class, age, location, gender, sexual orientation or ethnicity.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Willow Stores Target Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Socio-economic classes enable business organizations to come up with a specific type of client who is likely to buy goods or services from the company. This means that businesses do not build goods and services randomly, without having specific target customers in mind. Target marketing enables businesses to locate their customers within a given population (Saunders 153). Identifying a market is an essential step for any form of business for its operation i n the long term. A business needs to identify its potential clients before taking steps of building the business in other areas. A business ought to define the most important traits of potential clients and identify the major ways in which the new business organization can fulfill the needs of the customer. This way it can easily spot a customer’s base (Maxwell 75). Background Information The study will take place between 15 February 2013 and 28 February 2013 with a view to establish a target market for â€Å"Willow† Creeks store. Willow Creeks store is a business that deals in home dà ©cor and furnishing at Yong and Egling areas both located in Toronto. Managers at Willow Creeks store postulate that the target market for Willow are women aged from 25 to 35 who are newly married, who need to furnish their home. This study aims to confirm, or nullify this hypothesis. Overall Purpose of the Research The main purpose of this research will be to determine the target marke t for Willow stores. That is, to find out who will buy the products that the company intends to sell in the stores as well as determine whether there is a large customer base for the proposed business. Research Objectives The main objective of this research will be to determine the target group of potential buyers. Postulated information indicates that most potential customers are women who range from 25 to 35 years, and this research aims at confirming or nullifying this postulation. The research will also aim at grouping the target customers according to their characteristics such as gender, income level, values, lifestyles, attitudes, hobbies, interests and marital status. Another objective will be identifying the location of its target market, particularly, whether they will be the newlyweds located in the urban area or those that live in the rural area.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The last objective of this study will be to find out various techniques that competitors in the town use to sell their products, and the price at which competitors sell their products. Research Problems Businesses have to identify the right target customers for their products and services for them to prosper. However, distinguishing a particular segment from others is very technical and that is why most managers prefer to use surveys to ease the task. Research Questions What is the gender of the target market for new retro home accessory store â€Å"Willow† located on Yong Eglinton area? What is the age of the target market for new retro home accessory store â€Å"Willow† located on Yong Eglinton area? What is the income level of the target market for new retro home accessory store â€Å"Willow† located on Yong Eglinton area? What is the marital status of the target market for new retro home accessory store â€Å"Willow† located on Yong Eglinton area? How well do the products and services offered at new retro home accessory store â€Å"Willow† located on Yong Eglinton area meet the needs of customers? What are the personal values, interests and hobbies of the target market? What is the lifestyle and behavior of the target market? What is the location of the target market for new retro home accessory store â€Å"Willow† located on Yong Eglinton area? What is the location of Ethnic background of the target market for new retro home accessory store â€Å"Willow† located on Yong Eglinton area? What is the target market for our competitors? Research Methodology Research Design This research will obtain qualitative data using the questionnaires.. Qualitative method will be suitable for this study because the study aims at determining the target market for Willow stores. In other words, qualitative analysis is suitable for this study as it can offer a descriptive analysis of potential buyers, unlike quantitative analysis. Qualitative versus Quantitative Analysis Qualitative method collects data mainly in the form of open-ended questions, interviews and observations. Conversely, quantitative methods collect numerical data. The outcomes from quantitative research are easy to generalize. Nevertheless, the information formed by this method can be abstract and may not mirror a specific population, individual or circumstance. Qualitative method offers a better perception of the research problem through analyzing the first person experience, thus require only a smaller sample size to generate a more accurate result. Qualitative research is sufficient to describe complex events and offers case-by-case information that makes them suitable for cross case evaluation and analysis. To gain from advantages of each method this study will employ a mixed method. Instruments Instruments refer to tools used in data collection. In this research, Instruments will be participants, surveys, as well a s, open ended and multiple-choice questions. Questionnaire Procedure The researcher will give a questionnaire to each participant. The questionnaires will have pictures of the already set up Willow store and questions about the market that the store is likely to attract. Questions will be both open ended and multiple choice and they will aim at verifying whether most customers in the target group are newly, wed women aged between 25 and 35 years. The researcher will ask each participant to provide relevant answers to questions in the questionnaire.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Willow Stores Target Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Data Analysis and Interpretation Data for analysis will come from responses in the questionnaires. The first stage in the analysis of data will be data reduction. Data reduction involves selecting and conceptualizing data that comes from fieldwork observations. The interviewe r will examine the questions and responses, in order to identify consistencies and differences among responses. After data examination, coding will occur for easier retrieval based on how each data set helps meet the research objectives. Coding shall involve demarcation of various segments in the data collected (Saunders 43). Last will be conclusion drawing. Conclusions and other interpretations will be in the form of tables and charts. Sampling Procedure The population for the research will be potential customers of new retro home accessory store â€Å"Willow† located on Yong Eglinton area. Due to the large size of the population, only a sample of 150 potential customers will take part, to ease collection of data. Selection of the sample will occur in the streets of Toronto, in the area of the store’s location and in suburb areas. Although most participants will be in the store’s area, Youge and Eglington, inclusion of a few participants from other parts will be necessary, for comparison purposes. Besides, this will be important, as not all newlyweds live in the city, but still choose to go to the city to shop for more styles than the basic ones offered in the suburbs. Selection of the 150 people to participate in the research will take place through ransom sampling. This sampling technique is preferable because any potential customer can give reliable information on the target market. Sample survey will occur at different days of the week and different times, in order to obtain impartial data. Data Sources Primary Research In this study, primary research will use in-person surveys around the 150 potential customers. The survey will focus on female shoppers. Questionnaire survey will contain multiple choice and open-ended questions in collecting data. Secondary Research In this study, secondary research will employ journal articles, newspapers, business articles and research papers. Examination and evaluation of these sources will take p lace accordingly. Data from secondary research will be essential, as it will help to analyze the results of primary research.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Observation The researcher in this study will observe and take a note of current customer’s as well as potential customers buying behavior. Observations will have the same weight as data from primary and secondary sources when drawing conclusions. Works Cited Maxwell, Scott. The Missing Ingredients: Strategic Marketing to the â€Å"Money Guyz†. Business Insider, 15Aug. 2011.Web. Saunders, Elizabeth, G. If Your Target Market doesn’t Bite, Fish Somewhere Else. Business Insider, 22 Aug. 2010. Web. This report on Willow Stores Target Market was written and submitted by user Chance Kirby to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Zoroastrism

Zoroastrian Calendar  · Zoroastrianism is an ancient religion from the middle east. Mostly practiced now in Iran. Was practiced by the Persians before they converted to Islam.  · Worship many gods. There is a god for everything.  · Founded by Zoroaster in the 6th or 7th century B.C.  · Principle beliefs come from the Avesta. Which is their religious book.  · Zoroastrians believe in the afterlife and the continuous struggle between the spirit of good-Ormazd and evil-Ahrimman. Calendar:  · Each month consists of thirty days.  · For each day there is a special god that is suppose to be worshipped.  · There are four Sundays in each month they are on the 1, 8, 15, 23. They are the beginning of each week. Day of the week 1. Hormuzd 2. Vohu Mano 3. Asha Vahishta 4. Khshatha Vairya 5. Spenta Armaiti 6. Haurvatat 7. Ameretat 8. Dae-pa-Adar 9. Athra 10. Athra 11. Hvare-kshaeta 12. Maongha - Mah - Mohor 13. Tishtriya - Tishtar - Teer 14. Gaush-Geush-Gosh 15. Dae-pa-Meher 16. Mithra (Vedic Mitra) - Meher 17. Sraosha 18. Rashnu 19. Ferverdin 20. Behram 21. Raman Khvasta 22. Hu-Vaata-Govad 23. Dae-pa-Deen 24. Deen 25. Ashish Vanguhi 26. Arsh-Taat 27. Asman 28. Zema Hudhaongha 29. Manthra - Spenta 30. Anagranam Raochangham What each god is for: Hormuzd: The wise creator of the Universe Vohu Mano (Beh-man): The Good Mind Asha Vahishta: Aridi-Behest: Truth, righteousness, immutable law and spiritual light. Khshatha Vairya (Shahevar): Divine moral power, which purifies life (ayoksshusta) which forgives faults and foibles (marezhdika), and which protects the Drigu Spenta Armaiti: Right judgement - associate of Asha - the holy bent of mind - helps man to solve problems in life Haurvatat: Khordad: Universality, soul’s happy and virtuous condition Ameretat: Amardad: Deathlessness - Immortality - Eternity Dae-pa-Adar: Ahura Mazda’s day before Adar, beginning the 2nd week Athra: Adar: Mov... Free Essays on Zoroastrism Free Essays on Zoroastrism Zoroastrian Calendar  · Zoroastrianism is an ancient religion from the middle east. Mostly practiced now in Iran. Was practiced by the Persians before they converted to Islam.  · Worship many gods. There is a god for everything.  · Founded by Zoroaster in the 6th or 7th century B.C.  · Principle beliefs come from the Avesta. Which is their religious book.  · Zoroastrians believe in the afterlife and the continuous struggle between the spirit of good-Ormazd and evil-Ahrimman. Calendar:  · Each month consists of thirty days.  · For each day there is a special god that is suppose to be worshipped.  · There are four Sundays in each month they are on the 1, 8, 15, 23. They are the beginning of each week. Day of the week 1. Hormuzd 2. Vohu Mano 3. Asha Vahishta 4. Khshatha Vairya 5. Spenta Armaiti 6. Haurvatat 7. Ameretat 8. Dae-pa-Adar 9. Athra 10. Athra 11. Hvare-kshaeta 12. Maongha - Mah - Mohor 13. Tishtriya - Tishtar - Teer 14. Gaush-Geush-Gosh 15. Dae-pa-Meher 16. Mithra (Vedic Mitra) - Meher 17. Sraosha 18. Rashnu 19. Ferverdin 20. Behram 21. Raman Khvasta 22. Hu-Vaata-Govad 23. Dae-pa-Deen 24. Deen 25. Ashish Vanguhi 26. Arsh-Taat 27. Asman 28. Zema Hudhaongha 29. Manthra - Spenta 30. Anagranam Raochangham What each god is for: Hormuzd: The wise creator of the Universe Vohu Mano (Beh-man): The Good Mind Asha Vahishta: Aridi-Behest: Truth, righteousness, immutable law and spiritual light. Khshatha Vairya (Shahevar): Divine moral power, which purifies life (ayoksshusta) which forgives faults and foibles (marezhdika), and which protects the Drigu Spenta Armaiti: Right judgement - associate of Asha - the holy bent of mind - helps man to solve problems in life Haurvatat: Khordad: Universality, soul’s happy and virtuous condition Ameretat: Amardad: Deathlessness - Immortality - Eternity Dae-pa-Adar: Ahura Mazda’s day before Adar, beginning the 2nd week Athra: Adar: Mov...

Inventory Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inventory Management - Assignment Example The materials requirement planning of the company is already implemented yet the results showed that it is not effective. The main cause of such ineffectiveness is the inaccurate information that is entered into the MRP. It is important for Andrea to consolidate and coordinate with other departments of the company in order to control not only what item is purchased and in what quantity but also the timing of its arrival and its intended production consumption. Furthermore, Andrea should consider planning a Just-In-Time (JIT) inventory system for the company. JIT is a means of meeting customer demands with minimum delay. It is referred as the production of goods, assemblies, and subassemblies to meet exactly the customer's demand in terms of time, quality and quantity. JIT goes further than an MRP. It controls not only the right item, in the right quantity, at the right time, but it also brings the SKU to the right place. Under JIT, an item appears exactly when it is needed - not before, not after. (Muller, 2003) The volatile demand may cause inaccurate forecasts, which is one of the main sources of backlogs and markdowns in a market-driven manufacturing environment.

How and Why did The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Essay

How and Why did The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union Escalate from 1945 to 1962 - Essay Example There were deep rooted ideological, economic and political differences between the two countries before World War 2 and these intensified after the war ended. Ideological differences arose from the fact that the 2 countries had apposing systems of government. Power rivalry ensued after the decline of Europe, with power split between the USSR and USA, both seeking to dominate each other. The Yalta-Potsdam Conference, George Kennan’s Telegram, Berlin Blockade, Korean War, Berlin Wall and U2 Crises were events that were largely responsible for increasing the tension between the two super powers and escalating the Cold War. Finally the Cuban Missile Crises, the event at which the world almost witnessed World War III, was the worst event of the War (Cold War 1945-1960). There is no clear indication as to when the Cold War started. The only reason that kept Soviet and the West together as allies was Hitler. They both wanted to eliminate Hitler’s Nazis but for different reason s. Stalin wanted Germany to fall because he did not want events like the Nazi’s invasion of 1941 to repeat whereas the America and Britain wanted Germany to be Capitalist trading partner and a state that could prevent the spread of Communism in Europe. After 1945, conflicts and misunderstandings arose aggravating the situation between the two super powers of the world. Signs of conflicts were seen in the Yalta Conference of February 1945; when the allies sat down to decide how they would Divide Germany after the war. Germany was supposed to be divided into four zones between USA, Britain, France and USSR. Problem arose as to what type of government will be established in Eastern Europe. At the end of the conference, the allies agreed to set up Democratic governments in the countries by holding free elections, but the way the two sides interpreted ‘democracy’ and ‘free elections’ sow the seeds for a future conflict. Five months later the allies met ag ain at Potsdam. The situation in these few months had changed due to a number of factors; Roosevelt (who was pro Stalin) had died and was replaced by an aggressive anti-communist, President Truman, on the other hand Stalin ordered to arrest Poland’s non-communist leader. So the tension about Eastern Europe at Yalta now surfaced as an open disagreement and the outcomes of the conference remained merely the same (Cold War 1945-63). In 1946, George Kennan, a US diplomat stationed at Moscow sent a ‘long telegram’ to America that the Soviets needed to be stopped. The Telegram informed the Americans about the Soviet ideology. This became the basis for America’s Cold War policy against USSR. Truman Doctrine, was introduced as a result of the telegram which meant that the US should stop the further Communist expansion by any means possible. In March of 1946, Winston Churchill gave a speech in which he said that Eastern Europe was dominated by the Soviet’s t otalitarian control and so was cut off from the rest of the world by an ‘iron curtain’. This aggravated the tension so much that Stalin took Churchill’s Speech as a declaration of Cold War. George Marshall, American General after returning from Europe convinced the Congress that the only way to stop the spread of Communism in Europe was to provide economic support to the countries which were very poor and about to turn into Communist States. The Congress

Soap Operas Essay Example for Free

Soap Operas Essay The following piece of writing is based on the history and background of Soap Operas. Commencing with where, when and why they were started. Who was the target audience. Finishing with the key conventions of the genre giving examples. Soaps first burst on the scene in America in the 1920s to the 1930s. This was when Radio stations sprang up all over the U. S. A. At that time they solely relied on advertising revenue to stay on air. Companies would sponsor whole programmes as well as using short burst adverts during breaks. This practice would also be used by television companies later on when the first Soap Opera was shown on T. V in 1964. This method of advertising has continued to be used to this day by both forms of media. The main target audience for these up and coming radio programmes was identified as being housewives. The reason for this is that back in the 1920s very few women once married, ever went out to work. Instead they were expected to stay at home raise families and look after the house and all the responsibilities that went along with it. One of these responsibilities was shopping. This audience was classed as the ideal one and companies took advantage of this in an attempt to supply household goods such as soap and detergents. Basically, the companies used the radio for commercial and consumer uses. The companies selling the goods needed the radio stations to produce a specific type of programme, which would attract a large amount of listeners from their ideal target audience. This was so that they could get as many housewives as possible to buy their product, enabling them to make vast profits. They succeeded by making the programme a drama serial based on the home and various domestic situations within it. The serials were made to be melodramatic with touches of romance, tragedy and also with a touch of comedy thrown in for good measure. The title Soap Opera came about because of the fact that a Soap company sponsored the programmes. Opera was used because the programmes were very dramatic and larger than life. They became very popular in a short space of time. Two popular radio soap operas in the early years were Ma Perkins and One Man Family. The success continued for quite a while. Then after the war in the 1950s radio soaps lost their appeal. Television had arrived and people turned their attention to this form of media for entertainment and information. As the soaps had been so popular on the radio, it was decided that they should be transferred to the television screen. The first television soap was aired on screen in 1964, the title Peyton Place. The audience yet again was housewives. It became so popular it ran until 1969, which was well beyond its life expectancy. Britains first Soap was on radio which went on air just after the, 2nd World. It was called The Robinsons. However the most famous radio soap in England, which is still on air today is the Archers an every day tale of Farming Folk. It started in 1950 and has been listened to by generations. Reservations by companies about the cost of setting up the first T. V. Soaps were soon allayed because they were very cheap to run. There have been several T. V. Soaps of different genres come and go over time, some more successful than others. Emergency Ward Ten a Medical soap lasted only three years. United, was about a football club, which lasted two years. And, everyone will remember the disastrous Eldorado! This was about the lives of ex-patriots who lived in Spain. This was one of the B. B. Cs shortest run soaps ever. The most famous and longest running soaps are Coronation Street made by Granada television company, Eastenders made by the B. B. C. and Emmerdale which made the transfer from its original early daytime slot to its current 7pm peak viewing slot. Good decision by the Yorkshire T. V Company who makes the soap. There are various key conventions used in the common Soap Opera, for example the very successful Eastenders, Emmerdale, Brooksideand Coronation Street. The first major convention is that there is a continuous storyline. This enables the viewer who regularly watchs the soap to miss a couple of episodes, then, easily rejoin whilst still knowing what is going on. This rule also applies with the characters; there should be a regular cast. One of the old favorites characters in Coronation Street was Ena Sharples who was in The Street for 20 years. The continuous storylines are usually helped to last by having Cliffhangers at the end of every episode. A Cliffhanger is a final moment that leaves the audience in suspense, wondering what will happen next? Current affairs are reflected in many of the Soaps story lines some more controversial than others, for example Brookside (a soap based in Liverpool) showed the first lesbian kiss years ago. But, it took Coronation Street until the year 2003 to show a kiss between two men. In reality The Soaps deal with realist issues. Issues, dealt with on a day- to- day basis by normal people. For example people celebrating the birth of a child, birthday celebrations, marriages even deaths. Other storylines sometime aim specifically at the younger generation by dealing with drugs, alcohol and teenage pregnancies. Also major storylines, which involve climatic events and deal with the aftermath. Spectacular events used are things like shootings, robberies, falls, car or train crashes, these events were added when soaps were transferred to the evening time. Thus pulling in the male viewers at the same time because this added action. Writers of Soaps often create conflicts between characters. A good example of this was between Little Mo and her ex- husband, who used to verbally and physically abuse her. This storyline lasted for several months with lots of cliffhangers and the nation was gripped with its finale and his death in a fire. It was filmed in one small room with just those two characters amongst the flames, screaming and crying at the same time, wondering how it all came to this. After all they had loved each other at one time! Soaps are still the lifeblood of regionally based independent television stations as well as the commercial television stations such as Granada, Tyne Tees and Yorkshire. They need to make profits to stay in business and pay their shareholders. Because after all that is what they are, businesss. So they continue to use advertising breaks during the good quality Soaps to keep the revenue coming in. This does not affect the B. B. C because it is a Public Service Channel and receives their money via the television License. What about the future? Who knows when the bubble might burst? But for now, the viewers, television stations and the companies who advertise are all winners.

Eureka! :: Australian History Essays

Eureka! Nearly four decades after the events at Eureka Stockade, Henry Lawson marked the death of the battle's leader, Peter Lalor, with an anti-establishment piece of verse, 'Eureka!'. In this and other poems such as his first, 'The Republic', 'The Fight of Eureka Stockade' and 'Freedom of the Wallaby', Lawson may well have been trying to light the fire of Australian nationalism and a move to independence with our own flag, The Southern Cross. To many, the Eureka rebellion of the 3rd of December 1854 is a defining moment in Australian history. It is not surprising that the legendary Australian poet, Henry Lawson (1867-1922), wrote about an event of such national trauma - as many others have in the years since - more than 100 works according to one source (Austlit website). He wrote 'Eureka!' (Lee 25) in 1889, to mark Eureka hero Peter Lalor's death, and also penned 'The Fight of Eureka Stockade' (Cronin 115) the following year. Both could be described as anti-establishment, as were many others of his poems such as the first published verse, 'The Republican' (Cronin 39), and 'Freedom on the Wallaby' (Cronin 146) about the Barcaldine (Qld) shearers' strike. As we shall see below, Lawson was trying to light the fire of Australian nationalism and a move to independence with our own flag, The Southern Cross. At the Victorian mining site of Eureka, Lalor led miners in battle against government troops over the cost of licences and other issues. Thirty-four miners and six troops died at Eureka Stockade, in what is seen by some as a battle for the 'concept of fair play and equal opportunity' (Heritage website). Some get more passionate: the National republicans describe it as a 'patriotic struggle bathed in Australian blood' (alphalink website). The miners also carried a blue and white Southern Cross flag which has become an important anti-establishment symbol. Lalor, who lost an arm, and the other survivors were acquitted. He went on to become a Member of the Legislative Council and was its Speaker when he died in 1889. Henry Lawson was born 13 years after Eureka in 1867 in a tent on the Grenfell (NSW) goldfields, his father a former Norse sailor and his mother from a Kentish gypsy family, according to Wright (viii) in a foreword to a Lawson anthology. He goes on to say that 'at 21, Lawson was probably the most remarkable writer of verse in Australia' (ix).

Working Capital Management of Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh

Working capital management of Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited (HCBL) Executive Summary: In this report we have presented the overall working capital management of Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited (HCBL). We have gather maximum information from the annual reports and by taking interview of Board of Director, M. Abul Hashem; Company Secretary. In this report we have tried to match the terms and conditions that we learned in FIN340 with HCBL’s working capital management. We have done financial analysis and gave recommendation.Company Overview: Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh is one the largest producers of quality cement in Bangladesh. Heidelberg Cement Group from Germany, one of the world’s leaders in construction and building material with operations in more than 50 countries, owns 61% shares of the company. In 1998 Heidelberg Cement Group established its presence in Bangladesh by setting up a floating terminal with on board bagging facilities in the port of Chitta gong and by distributing the cement to the key markets of Dhaka and Chittagong.In 1999 the group further strengthened its position in Bangladesh and built a greenfield manufacturing plant near Dhaka namely â€Å"Scancement International Limited† with an installed capacity of 0. 750 million tons per year. In 2000 Heidelberg Cement group also bought a minority position in Chittagong based company namely â€Å"Chittagong Cement Clinker Griding Co. Limited (CCCGCL)† quickly followed by the acquisition of a in controlling stake. The plant in Chittagong has an installed capacity of 0. 7 million ton per year. In 2003, the two companies were amalgamated and the company’s name was changed to Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited.Corporate Mission: The Corporate Image : Building worldwide growth by building a better world. Business Culture : Building on local responsibility for international success Employee Policy : Building our business on the knowledge of our people Mar ket Strategy : Building our growth on a solid base of earnings Customer Philosophy : Building customer satisfaction Quality Standard : Building on quality products to build reputation Commitment to Innovation : Building on new technologies determines our future successBrief History Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited meets 13% of the Bangladesh demand for cement from two plants located at Dhaka & Chittagong. Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited employs 260 people across the country. The company with 1. 5 million tones annual cement production has become a major force in the Bangladesh Cement industry over the last eight years. In Bangladesh, Heidelberg group is one of the largest foreign investors having an investment of 100 million US$ with more than 260 employees working round the clock to materialize the mission of this great global company.By satisfying the needs and aspirations of its customers, employees, shareholders and the wider community, the company is able to maintain i ts position of strength as a sustainable cement provider without compromising commitment to long term stability and environmental responsibility. Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited is a sister concern of Heidelberg Cement Group. Environmental Policy Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited Protection of the environment is an integral part of Heidelberg Cement Group’s strategy. As natural resources are the basis of cement, measures for sustainable environmental care are adopted in all our operations.In Bangladesh, our policy is to produce high quality cement, optimize operations to save on natural resources and prevent pollution in order to create a cleaner and safer environment. Products & Innovation Portland Composite Cement (PCC) As part of its relentless pursuit for innovation and constant drive to improve quality, HeidelbergCement has introduced Portland Composite Cement (PCC) during 2003. Absorbing European Norms in cement producing made HeidelbergCement Bangladesh Ltd. th e pioneer in this sector. Now-a-days all the cement factories of Bangladesh are producing cement as per European Norm.The category Portland Composite Cement (CEM II) is the market leader in Europe. Cement produced according to the BDS EN ScanCement and RubyCement are designed to achieve the best characteristics for its customers; this result is achieved by design using clinker and high quality other constituents. PCC has the optimum of: Durability, Long-term strength and workability. ScanCement and RubyCement are produced according to the European norms BDS EN 197-1:2003. Characteristics of ScanCement / RubyCement: Higher Strength ScanCement and RubyCement have higher long-term strength than a standard Portland Cement (OPC).The slag part in the design contributes that the gap in long-term strength with OPC is widening as time progresses. Higher Durability The design of ScanCement and RubyCement increases the density of concrete (lower permeability). Smaller voids are the effect of t he reaction between the clinker and the slag. This density contributes to the durability and lifetime of the construction. Better Workability To improve the quality of plaster and masonry work Limestone is added to the design of ScanCement and RubyCement. This improves strongly the workability of the concrete. Plastering will look smoother, better and more beautiful.The concrete is easier to use. Other Improvements On top of the above-mentioned improvements ScanCement and RubyCement reduces thermal cracking. Due to the slag in the design less heat is generated which reduces the risk of thermal cracks. Furthermore our brands use less water to achieve the required workability. This contributes to the strength and quality of the construction. Daily Cash Inflow and Cash Outflow: Here we have presented the daily cash inflow and outflow of HCBL. 200820072006 Cash received from customers6,332,191,0005,573,231,0004,963,425,000 Cash received from other operating income84,205,00049,963,00014, 630,000Cash Inflow throughout the year6,416,396,000. 00 5,623,194,000. 00 4,978,055,000. 00 Daily Cash Inflow17,579,167. 12 15,406,010. 96 13,638,506. 85 200820072006 Payment for financial expense(68,293,000)(55,096,000)(96,760,000) Income tax paid(206,802,000)(96,947,000)(35,495,000) Cash paid to suppliers(5,480,284,000)(3,835,873,000)(3,334,740,000) Cash paid for operating expenses(628,326,000)(507,571,000)(501,761,000) Cash outflow through out the year(6,383,702,992. 00)(4,495,484,993. 00)(3,968,753,994. 00) Daily Cash outflow(17,489,597. 24)(12,316,397. 24)(10,873,298. 1) Net Daily Cash Inflow89,569. 883,089,613. 722,765,208. 24 Cash inflows and outflows are not perfectly synchronized. Here we have net cash inflows in 3 years; it shows that HCBL had sufficient money supply to finance its operation efficiently. Changes in Short Term Loan Account: The HCBL don’t have any marketable securities account in balance sheet. In 2006 the company has a short term loan of 467884000 a nd in 2007 & 2008 the company has short term loans of 654441000 & 829715000. From 2006 to 2007 there is an increase in Short term loan account of tk. 186557000.And from 2007 to 2008 the short term loan has increase by Tk. 175274000. Over the period the short term loan has increased over the period. The loans were mainly taken from their sister concern Meghna Energy Limited. Seasonality impact in Cash Inflow and Cash Outflow: Seasonality Variations in Cash flows from sales: Highest sales: We have come to know from our interview that there is seasonality is present in Heidelberg cement. Their peak in sales and variation in cash flow is approximately quarterly basis. It has peak of the sales during January to March. In this time they have to maintain large inventory.At these time their sales increase, as a result gross profit and revenue increase and cash inflow also increases in this 1st quarter. They have also good sales from October to April. Normal cash inflow comes during this tim e. From May to September their sales usually decrease because of rainy season. Cash Outflow: When sales increase marketing and transportation expenses increase. As a result, cash outflow increases at this time. As raw materials are mainly imported from there inter company trade that’s why they don’t have to pay immediately a huge money when they import RM. They get a flexible credit term.Geographical Spread and Customers: Heidelberg Cement has divided their business in 6 divisions in Bangladesh. They have two main branches in Dhaka and Chittagong. They have also sales agents in other four divisions. But most of the sales generate from Dhaka and Chittagong divisions. Then Sylhet and sales in other 3 divisions are approximately same. They do not have any physical export of goods. If they sell goods to EPZ area and if they get paid in dollars, this is termed as export. The over all market share of Heidelberg Cement is 13%. The industry saturated. Still they have chance to gather more market share in the industry.They are facing some restriction because they are multinational company. They have 3 types of customers: 1. Dealers 2. Corporate customers (e. g. developers, contractors) 3. Government projects (e. g. Mohakhali Flyover, Lalon Shah Bridge, Karnafuli Bridge, Banani Bridge) Except these they have also very few retailers who are very close to them. But usually they do not deal with retailers. Collection Procedure: Checks/pay order: Most of the time, they receive payments through checks. They also receive payments by pay order which is very limited. Generally, they do not allow any other ways of payments.They don’t have any cash transaction. Collection Points , Concentration Banks, Deposit banks, Lock Box: There are collection points. The customers pay through the local branches of Dhaka Bank, Dutch Bangla Bank and Marcentile Bank. These banks work as collection points. As these local banks have lots of branches in Bangladesh it helps a lo t in collection process. Through the online banking system the money from these local Banks are easily accessible from the principal branch. Then Heidelberg cement collects money from these banks and deposited in the Standard Charted Bank and Citi N.A bank. 95% of collected money is deposited in Standard Charted Bank and rest of the 5% is deposited in City N. A. bank are. Here Standard Charted Bank and Citi N. A. bank are used as concentration banks. They transfer the money from the collection bank at the end of the month whether the money is collected at 1st week of the month. Because they have ample money in hand they are lazy to transfer the money at concentration banks. But they are very efficient in collecting the money from customers in due date. Because of having no lockbox system in Bangladesh, they do not use lockbox system.As there group policy they have restriction on depositing money in local banks. The local banks are usually responsible for collecting payments. Cost: I n standard chartered and Citi N. A the service charge is little higher than the service charge taken by other banks. Banks are responsible for disbursing payments, handling LC, payment of salary etc. There is very low risk, because they follow some strict laws like: †¢They do not give dealership without bank guarantee. †¢They follow conservative credit policy. †¢They encourage cash sales. On an average their credit term is of 18-20 days.In government projects their credit term is usually flexible. Cash Disbursement Procedure: Suppliers: There are mainly two groups who receive money from the Heidelberg cement. One is the Raw material suppliers and then another is the suppliers of different utilities. The raw material suppliers are mainly the subsidiary of Heidelberg Group. Generally they take raw materials from Indo Cement; Indonesia, Heidelberg Cement; India and Heidelberg Cement; Japan. Payment Methods, Disbursement Banks: They are mainly importing raw materials. So they pay through LC. They do not have any cash payments.They pay through Standard Charted Bank. The Standard Charted Bank works as disbursement bank and processes all the formalities. Sometimes Citi N. A also works as a disbursement bank. Authorization: They follow centralized Disbursement policy. All checks are signed in the Head quarter. Payments are made through mainly finance department. If the payment is less than $6 million, it needs the joint signature of head of finance department and in group B consist of three directors from them any one have to sign. But if payments exceed $6 million it needs joint signature of finance department and Manager Director.Float: Although directly they do not take the help of floating, sometimes they try to write check on Wednesday/Thursday. As a result, payments can not be transferred to suppliers Banks before Sunday. In directly they are taking the advantage of inefficient banking system in Bangladesh. Credit Policy: Normally they have a cons ervative credit policy. They are not willing to flexible their credit policies to increase their sales & revenue. They cannot provide smooth credit policy, because as a MNC they cannot collect payments by pressure. Also they have to maintain some Government rules and regulations.They usually emphasize on quality, as a result they maintain premium price. They have to go by the law. That’s why they are not investing that much in A/R. They are not willing to increase the risk. When collecting payments, they give two warnings after exceeding the credit limit. If they fail to collect payment despite these, then they realize the bank guarantee. They provide up to 60 => days of credit limit to Government Projects, 30 days to corporate customers. But they maintain more strict credit policy to the dealers, because of reliability. They give credit to the dealers only if they can give bank guarantee.Only to the renowned developer’s they sale on credit. They have credit term on av erage of 18-20 days. Working Capital Needs: They are very efficient in cash management. That is why they have enough cash to finance working capital. Also they have huge idle money. They cannot deposit all portions of money in banks. As a result, they finance the working capital requirements by internal sources. Sometimes they also take loan from the subsidiaries of Heidelberg group. They took loan from Meghna Energy Limited which is the subsidiary of Heidelberg group too. But at resent (2009-2010) they are not taking any short term loan. As they are multinational company they can not remit money in parent company without the help of dividends. So every year they are having huge retained earnings in their account. With that money they are financing their short term needs. Also with the help of high tech softwares they had become more efficient in managing the business. They are remitting money as technical know how fees which is 3% of prior years net sales. Heidelberg group helps a lot to their subsidiary in terms of technology, experience etc.As they are more capable of internal financing in 2008 they don’t have any long-term loans. Collection Method (#9): HCBL has some Paper information flow attached to invoice. This attachment contains the Order size, order no, time of delivery and the date of payment. The payment is made to the Collection Bank and the dealers get the receipt from the bank. Because the checks are account payee checks, so they can easily track which customer paid the payment. The company by the time get knows about the payment by ERP software which is connected with Banks.The bank process the payment system and it takes a little time for the company to get notified and deposited because all party are connected through ERP software. Bank processing fees are the cost involved in this Process. If the payment is not made by the dealers they realized the bank guarantee after giving two warnings. Basically Credit policy for Government proje cts are flexible than the usual customers. Electronic Method for Managing HCBL: ERP: Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Ltd. (HCBL) use an Enterprise application software named Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) which has a market price of almost Tk. 0,000,000-Tk. 30,000,000 (2-3 crore TK. ). They have got this software in one sense free initially. But they are paying off these fees as â€Å"technical r knowhow fees† in every year which is 3% of prior years net sal . This software Provide a single information system for organization-wide coordination and integration of key business processes. This is a competitive advantage for Heidelberg cement. ERP connects all key business process (e. g. – manufacturing and production, accounting and finance, human resources, sales and marketing) and connects the suppliers & Dealers together in a single place.By this all department can share information which helps business increase efficiency or evaluates their output. 1. ERP also enables to Ordering equipment, preparing inventory, sending them to sites, activating them followed by routine maintenance is a chain of daunting tasks. If there is a missing link in this extremely complex process, they will be out of business in the fiercely competitive market. Earlier it took nearly thirty minutes to generate a purchase order but now it takes a few seconds. The entire process is flawless and tamperproof as a robust computer controls it centrally.Heidelberg Cement has deployed two such servers in different locations to ensure that one takes over in case the other computer fails. They can track every employee’s output and assess them accordingly. It perfects the evaluation process of the company’s human capital. By using ERP, Efficiency of Heidelberg’s employees increased 99 percent. ERP maximize profit and minimize costs, while providing superior service to its customers. Advantages of ERP: †¢ERP is software which integrates all functionalities o f the organization in a single database.It streamlines all the business processes and gives desired result on a click of a button. †¢ERP software incorporates a large amount of industry specific business functionalities which will ensure less customization or sometime no customization (except reports) to make the package suitable to your business operations. †¢Most important advantage of ERP software is integration of all the business solution in a single platform, which reduces unnecessary paper work, documentation, repeated entry, cycle time etc. The software also comes with its framework of upgrades to changing technologies. In the ERP software business functionalities and operating processes are built into standard software codes, thus it require lesser time to understand process related issue of implementation and gives industry specific best practices. †¢ERP can be useful is order tracking. When a company receives orders for a product, being able to properly tra ck the orders can allow the company to get detailed information on their customers and marketing strategies. If different software packages are being used, this data may not be consistent. †¢ERP software automates the business processes and also forces its own logic (industry specific) on the business. Accounting applications is another advantage of ERP. It can integrate the costing, profit, and revenue information of sales that are made etc. Other Advantages : †¢Speeding up the whole manufacturing process †¢Better and systematic inventory handling with ABC analysis †¢WIP (work in progress) control †¢Easy project management †¢Accessing the status of the goods on a click of a button †¢Fast transmit commodities through online transactions †¢Fastens the creation of reports †¢Reduce paper works and repeated entry †¢Quick processing of information †¢Serving the customer efficiently in time †¢Solve the customer problem quickly In formation based decision †¢Better finance reports †¢Better supply chain management †¢Better vendor management †¢Reduce process cycle time Disadvantages of ERP: †¢Perhaps one of the biggest disadvantages to this technology is the cost. As the company is an MNC they get this software for free. They are paying off this cost as â€Å"Technical Knowhow Fees† throughout the years. †¢Expert needed to run the ERP system. The employees must be continually trained on how to use it, and it is also important for companies to make sure the integrity of the data is protected. The success of the system is fully dependent on how the workers utilize it. Even if a company has enough money to implement ERP, they may not be able to successfully use it if they do not have enough money to train their workers on the process of using it. †¢One of the biggest problems with ERP is that it is hard to customize. Very few companies can effectively use ERP right out of t he box. It must be modified to suit their needs, and this process can be both expensive and tedious. †¢Most ERP vendors will not allow the structure of the software to be altered. ERP vendors may charge additional license fees, putting a strain on companies that do not have enough resources to pay for them.The technical support of ERP departments has been questioned, and a number of problems could arise due to security, since corporate representatives must give sensitive information to the tech support department. ERP inventory management: ERP inventory management handles everything from ordering, physical inventory count, scheduling, shipping, receiving, purchasing, and supply chain planning. Changes in inventory are automatically updated. It no longer takes hours (sometimes up to 24) before the changes are recorded. This helps inventory management employees of HCBL to be able to see if an item is currently in stock.Faster service means better customer service. HCBL ERP manage ment uses bar codes to keep up with inventory items. This makes tracking stock much easier. As the bar-coded items leave inventory, they get scanned and their product information is entered into the ERP inventory management system. Placing bar code labels on stock helps HCBL save money because it keeps the list of stock updated. Employees can easily see when certain quantities are low and need to be re-stocked. Customer service also benefits from this because businesses and customers can see what products are immediately available.Advantages : ERP inventory management has many advantages. The main advantage for a company is that the ERP system is company-wide and involves only one software system. Some other advantages include: †¢Proper communication between different areas. †¢Tracking of orders from the time the order was received to its delivery. †¢Keeping up with the revenue cycle from when the invoice is issue through when the payment is received. †¢Provides a ‘top down’ overview of the workings of a company. †¢Reduces the risk of loss of information †¢Sets up a form of security to protect against theft from outside or within a company.Disadvantages : Despite the advantages HCBL receive from using ERP inventory management, there are also some problems with it. Most of these disadvantages stem from inadequately trained employees as well as compromised data. But there are other concerns that can arise from this type of system. †¢Reformatting a business to make it more compatible with an ERP system and thus conform it to industry standards may cause a loss of advantage over the competition. †¢By creating a company-wide system that connects all areas, it makes it hard to figure out accountability. Problems that may arise in one area could mistakenly be blamed on a different area. Not all departments in a company are willing to share information. This withholding of sensitive data can interrupt the workflow. †¢ERP inventory management systems may to too complex for the needs of a company. Cash Flow Timeline: Here we have showed the cash flow timeline of HCBL of 2006,2007,2008 Financial Analysis: Financial analysis of Heidelberg Cement Ltd. Liquidity Ratio200620072008 NWC to assets-0. 050. 010. 11 current ratio0. 871. 031. 27 quick ratio0. 480. 710. 66 cash ratio0. 060. 400. 32 interval measure851. 401637. 281499. 92 CCC-1. 26-17. 9936. 53 Days Inventory held57. 5256. 03103. 14 DSO37. 8037. 5635. 02 Operating Cycle95. 293. 59138. 16 DPO96. 59111. 57101. 63 NWC-208822000. 0064703000. 00638679000. 00 NLB46997000. 00800973000. 00768453000. 00 CLI27. 5639. 40 Efficiency Ratio Total asset turnover1. 211. 091. 08 NWC turnover-23. 9686. 889. 97 Inventory turnover6. 356. 513. 54 Day’s sales in inventory57. 5256. 03103. 14 AVG collection period37. 837. 5635. 02 Profitability ratio net profit margin0. 10. 110. 09 ROA0. 130. 120. 1 ROE0. 220. 220. 18 payout ratio0. 170. 230. 31 Market V alue Ratio price earning ratio6. 6810. 9511. 58 Earning per share96. 92110104. 86 From 2006 to 2007 their operating cycle decreased and DPO increased significantly.When their DPO was increasing it does not create any problem in relation with the suppliers. Because the suppliers are mainly the subsidiary of the hiedelberg group. So they got advantage in those years. And that is why the company’s CCC decreased in 2007. In 2006 and 2007 the company’s CCC were negative and it was -1. 26 and -17. 99 days respectively, that means the company doesn’t need any external financing. They were very efficient in managing the cash. So that without investing in Inventories and A/R they were efficiently running the operation. Although they had sufficient cash in their hand.From2007-2008 the company’s Operating cycle increased significantly and DPO decreased slightly. As a result in 2008 the company’s CCC increased to 36. 53 days. This increase was a result of a hi gh Days inventory Held (103. 14 days). In 2008 they brought a very high amount of inventory from their sister concern company from Indonesia named Indocement. so the company need financing from somewhere. They have sufficient amount of cash and from that liquid cash the company was financing their operation. They don’t need any external financing for that time lag. They mostly depend on internal financing.As they are subsidiary of Heidelberg group they get lots of facilities in many areas. This is their competitive advantage. By net liquid balance we can cover the working capital requirements. As past years shows that the company’s NLB is growing, so it is a good sign for the company to run its day to day business. For many years they were not facing any kind of liquidity problem. In 2007-2008 the CLI was increasing. And it is positive number. CLI represents the Cash against to cover it’s the current liabilities. The CLI for past year shows that the company has high CLI; this means the company has ample cash to cover its current debts.The company has a positive and a high amount of net working capital. This means some of Company’s Current assets were financed by the long term sources of fund. Here the company has not that much long term loan in 2006-2007 period compared to its short term loan and there were no long term loan in 2008, they paid off all of their long term loans in 2008. The Excess liquidity of the company was financing their day to day business. From the time period of 2006 to 2008 the company’s current ratio has improved over the period And the company’s quick ratio improved from 2006 to 2007.Total asset turnover, NWC turnover and inventory turnover is on average much better and Day’s sales in inventory is acceptable. Average collection period is lower which is a good indicator for the company. Therefore, the efficiency level of the company is really good. Profit margin, ROA and ROE tells that, t his is a dream company at cement sector. All these three ratios are high over the period. Payout ratio tells that the company does give regular dividend. For this company, P/E ratio is very much high compare to its industry. It has also a high EPS.Overall, the company has a good market book ratios and it indicates that investors are very much interested to invest to this firm. It is the highest valued share than any other company in the cement industry. We take sales growth rate as the growth rate. Company’s growth rate, 13% is much lowers the industry growth rate, 47. 84%. It proves that other companies are capturing the growing market. Free cash flow of the company is getting higher and higher day by day, so they have enough free cash to invest and meeting current liability. HCBL’s cash flow from operation is also impressive.Problems and Recommendation: This problems and recommendations are based on the statements of year ended 2006, 2007 and 2008. At present 2009 th ey have done some improvements. Too much idle cash : They have too much idle cash because of their efficiency and working capital management, conservative collection procedure and mainly they are remitting less money in parent company through dividends. They were keeping lots of retained earnings in Bangladesh and not investing in new project. Also in 2008 they had decrease in net cash flow but because of opening balance in cash the closing balance showed a huge number.This proves that they had huge idle cash. The analysis will show the more clear picture. 200620072008Average Net cash (decrease) / increase during th eyear71,339,000759,976,000(82,749,000) Opening Balance19,888,00091,227,000851,203,000 Closing Balance91,227,000851,203,000768,454,000 Number of shares5,381,2955,650,3605,650,360 EPS97110105 TOTAL CASH AVAILABLE PER SHARE16. 95150. 65136. 00 Cash Dividend per share162533 Average Net Cash Remain After Dividend per share0. 95125. 65103. 0077 Cash Remain After Dividend512627 6709944000581992120432354132 Net cash remain per share after EPS81857279 Cash remain after EPS435884914. 480280600406825920440997145 This analysis clearly shows that on an average this company retained 77 taka per share per year in this 3 years. On an average they have sufficient cash per year 432354132 Taka. They should invest this huge idle fund in any value added project or if there is no any scope they can remit this money by giving more cash dividends. By giving cash dividend more they can add more value to their parent company. In 2010 they have declared that they are using their own fund of Tk. 1260 million to expand their production by double in chittagong factory. Aggressive Marketing and Market share :The market is saturated and still HCBL has chance to increase their market share. Because local cement companies are growing day by day because of low pricing. HCBL stands on high quality and price leadership. They can do more aggressive marketing to increase their sales and increase market share. Conservative Credit Policy : HCBL’s credit policy is not very flexible. They don’t encourage credit sales to increase their sales. They don’t want to increase the risk of credit. As they are MNC and face legal bindings in collecting if customers don’t pay. They have huge idle fund to finance their A/R but they are not doing this.In this saturated market they have the scope to increase sales but they are not attempting for it. They are not willing to take risk. But in business you have to take risk and HIGH RISK means HIGH CHANCE OF RETURN. They should make more flexible credit policy to increase their sales and to gain more market share. By increasing sales they can also remit more money by â€Å"Tech know how fee† Other Recommendations: †¢They can give more focus on Ruby cement. They are giving mainly focus on Scan cement. †¢They can do more CSR activities as they have ample money. This CSR activities will increase their goodwill. They can train more their maximum employees to operate the ERP software to smoothing the process more. †¢They can give all the employees the option of PROFIT SHARING this will motivate the employees to work hard. Secrecy of Price Sensitive Information: When we took the interview at April 12, 2010 from one of their employees we came to know that their EPS of 2009 is Tk. 151. 00 and cash dividend would be 38%. Although board meeting held at April 13, 2010 and the price sensitive information published in DSE website at April 15, 2010. If the employees declared this kind of information before Board meeting it’s illegal and unethical.The employees should not publish price sensitive information privately before it published publicly. Why Not Recommendation About High Inventory In 2008 : In normal view one will recommend at 2008 that why they stocked huge inventory and which in turn cost them less CFFO and net decrease in cash . They had huge idle balance thatà ¢â‚¬â„¢s why they stocked inventory. But the real reason is opened at 2010. Cement industry was in recession in 2008. Also Heidelberg Group faced Recession in 2008. But HCBL did not face any recession in 2008. where in this industry other firms showed a huge decrease in EPS.But they maintained EPS of 105, which is extraordinary. They import RM from their sister concern at a cheap rate. That’s why they maintained a high EPS . The Cement industry at 2008 perfectly anticipated that the price of RM will go up in 2009. that’s why many company stocked inventory in 2008 also HCBL did this. We can prove our argument by that in 2009 most cement producers EPS has increased by almost 400% and HCBL’s EPS also increased in 2009. In this saturated market wvery company can not make huge profit than previous year only by selling more cement. This EPS also the result of stocked inventory in 2008.That’s why we did not recommend to reduce inventory in 2008. Conclusion: HCBL is doing well in working capital management but they have huge idle money that’s why they are not giving that much of emphasis in managing their capital more efficiently. As they are the subsidiary of Heidelberg group they maintain maximum modern policy of collecting and disbursing cash. They get many competitive advantages as Heidelberg group helps them a lot with technology. They mainly trade with their sister concerns. HCBL is the leading company in the cement industry. But they have to think about managing the idle money to add value to HCBL.